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    I-API 5L 46th Edition Inkcazo yoMda wombhobho womgca

    I-API 5L yoHlelo lwama-46 iNkcazelo yoMda weMibhobho yoMda oFakelweyo kuMfanekiso
    • I-API 5L 46th Edition Inkcazo yoMda wombhobho womgca

    Inkcazelo emfutshane:

    Kucaciswe ukwenziwa kwamanqanaba amabini emveliso (PSL1 kunye nePSL2) yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo kunye newelded ukusetyenziswa kombhobho ekuthuthweni kwepetroleum kunye negesi yendalo.Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwisicelo senkonzo yeSour bhekisa kwiSihlomelo H kunye nesicelo senkonzo ye-offshore bhekisa kwiSihlomelo J se-API5L 45th.


    Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

    Iithegi zeMveliso

    Unikezelo lwemeko

    PSL Unikezelo lwemeko Ibakala lombhobho
    PSL1 Njenge-rolled, normalized, normalizing yakha

    A
    Njenge-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical yakhiwa, i-normalizing ebunjwe, iqhelekile, iqhelekile kwaye inomsindo okanye ukuba kuvunyelwene Q&T SMLS kuphela.

    B
    Njengoko i-rolled, i-normalizing rolled, i-thermomechanical rolled, i-thermo-mechanical yenziwa, i-normalizing yakha, i-normalized, i-normalized kwaye inomsindo X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Njengoko-iqengqiwe

    BR, X42R
    I-normalizing rolled, normalizing yakha, i-normalizing okanye i-normalized kunye ne-tereded BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Ucinywe kwaye unomsindo BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    I-Thermomechanical rolled okanye i-thermomechanical yenziwe BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    Thermomechanical rolled X90M, X100M, X120M
    Ukwanela (R, N, Q okanye M) kumabakala e-PSL2, ngowebakala lentsimbi

    Ukuodola Ulwazi

    Umyalelo wokuthenga uya kubandakanya ubungakanani, inqanaba le-PSL, uhlobo okanye iBanga, ukubhekisela kwi-API5L, i-diameter yangaphandle, ubukhulu bodonga, ubude kunye naziphi na izihlomelo ezisebenzayo okanye iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, unyango lobushushu, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, inkqubo yokuvelisa, iingubo zomphezulu okanye ukugqiba ukuphela.

    Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuVelisa

    Uhlobo loMbhobho

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    IBanga A IBanga B X42 ukuya X70 B ukuya kwiX80 X80 ukuya X100
    I-SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    I-LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    I-SMLS-Ingenamthungo, ngaphandle kwe-weld

    I-LFW - Umbhobho odibeneyo we-low frequency, <70 kHz

    I-HFW - Umbhobho we-welded we-high frequency,> 70 kHz

    I-SAWL – i-Submerge-arc welding longitudinal welding

    I-SAWH-i-Submerge-arc welding helical welded

    Umbandela Wokuqalisa

    I-ingots, i-blooms, iibhilethi, iikhoyili okanye iipleyiti ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kombhobho ziya kwenziwa ngeenkqubo ezilandelayo, i-oksijini eyisiseko, isithando sombane okanye i-hearth evulekileyo ngokudibanisa nenkqubo yokucoca i-ladle.KwiPSL2, intsimbi iya kubulawa kwaye inyibilikiswe ngokwendlela yokutya okuziinkozo.Ikhoyili okanye ipleyiti esetyenziselwa umbhobho wePSL2 ayinakuqulatha naziphi na iiwelds zokulungisa.

    Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza ye-PSL 1 umbhobho one-t ≤ 0.984″

    IBanga leNsimbi

    Iqhezu leMisa, i-% esekelwe kubushushu kunye nemveliso ihlalutya a,g

    C

    ubuninzi b

    Mn

    ubuninzi b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Umbhobho ongenamthungo

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Umbhobho odityanisiweyo

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1.45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1.65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni;≤ 0.50%;Cr ≤ 0.50%;kunye ne-Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Kucutho ngalunye lwe-0.01% ngaphantsi kobuninzi obuchaziweyo.ugxininiso lwekhabhoni, kunye nokwanda kwe-0.05% ngaphezu kobuninzi obuchaziweyo.ukugxininiswa kwe-Mn kuvumelekile, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-max.ye-1.65% kumabakala ≥ B, kodwa ≤ = X52;ukuya kuthi ga kwi-max.ye-1.75% kumabanga > X52, kodwa
    3. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela.
    6. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Akukho kongezwa ngamabom kwe-B kuvunyelwe kwaye intsalela B ≤ 0.001%

    Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza ye-PSL 2 umbhobho one-t ≤ 0.984″

    IBanga leNsimbi

    Iqhezu lobuninzi, i-% ngokusekelwe kubushushu kunye nohlalutyo lwemveliso

    ICarbon Equiv a

    C

    ubuninzi b

    Si

    max

    Mn

    ubuninzi b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Okunye

    CE IIW

    max

    CE PCM

    max

    Umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye neWelded

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Njengoko kuvunyelwene

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    mna,j

    Njengoko kuvunyelwene

    X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Njengoko kuvunyelwene

    X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Njengoko kuvunyelwene

    Umbhobho odityanisiweyo

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    mna,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    mna,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    mna,j

    -

    0.25
    1. I-SMLS t>0.787”, imida yeCE iya kuba njengoko kuvunyelwene ngayo.Imida yeCEIIW isetyenziswe fi C > 0.12% kunye neCEPcm imida iyasebenza ukuba iC ≤ 0.12%
    2. Kucutho ngalunye lwe-0.01% ngaphantsi kobuninzi obuchaziweyo.ugxininiso lwekhabhoni, kunye nokwanda kwe-0.05% ngaphezu kobuninzi obuchaziweyo.ukugxininiswa kwe-Mn kuvumelekile, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-max.ye-1.65% kumabakala ≥ B, kodwa ≤ = X52;ukuya kuthi ga kwi-max.ye-1.75% kumabanga > X52, kodwa
    3. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50%;Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% kunye ne-Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela
    7. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% kunye ne-MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% kunye ne-MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% kunye ne-MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Kuwo onke amabakala emibhobho yePSL 2 ngaphandle kwaloo mabanga anemibhalo esemazantsi j ephawulweyo, oku kulandelayo kuyasebenza.Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela akukho kongezwa ngabom kwe-B kuvunyelwe kwaye intsalela B ≤ 0.001% .

    I-Tensile and Yield – PSL1 kunye nePSL2

    IBanga lombhobho

    IiPropati zeTensile – Umzimba wombhobho we-SMLS kunye nemibhobho e-Welded PSL 1

    Umthungo wePipe eWelded

    Amandla eSivuno a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Amandla okuqina a

    Rm PSI Min

    Elongation

    (kwi-2in Af % min)

    Amandla okuqina b

    Rm PSI Min

    A

    30,500

    48,600

    c

    48,600

    B

    35,500

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X42

    42,100

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X46

    46,400

    63,100

    c

    63,100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56,600

    71,100

    c

    71,100

    X60

    60,200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70,300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a.Kwibakala eliphakathi, umahluko phakathi kobuncinane bamandla etensile obuchaziweyo kunye nesivuno esisezantsi esixeliweyo somzimba wombhobho uya kuba njengoko unikwe ibakala eliphezulu elilandelayo.

    b.Kumabanga aphakathi, awona mandla asezantsi okuqina achaziweyo kumthungo we-weld aya kufana nokumiselwa komzimba kusetyenziswa inqaku lonyawo a.

    c.Ubuncinane bobude obuchaziweyo, Af, ibonakaliswe ngepesenti yaze yasondezwa kweyona pesenti ikufutshane, iya kumiselwa kusetyenziswa le nxaki ilandelayo:

    Apho uC yi-1 940 yokubala kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ze-Si kunye ne-625 000 yokubala usebenzisa iiyunithi ze-USC

    Axcyeyona isebenzayo indawo yokuvavanya i-tensile-cross-sectional area, icaciswe ngokweemilimitha ezisisikwere (i-intshi ezisikweri), ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lwesetyhula, 130mm2 (0.20 nge2) kwi-12.7 mm (0.500 in) kunye ne-8.9 mm (.350 in) iziqwenga zokuvavanya ububanzi;kunye ne65mm2(0.10 nge2) kwi-6.4 mm (0.250in) iziqwenga zokuvavanya ububanzi.

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo ezipheleleyo, incinci ye-a) 485 mm2(0.75 kwi2kunye b) nommandla onqamlezileyo wesiqwenga sovavanyo, esenziwe kusetyenziswa idiamitha yangaphandle echaziweyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, ojikelezwe kwi-10 mm ekufutshane.2(0.10in2)

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lwe strip, incinci ye a) 485 mm2(0.75 kwi2) kunye b) indawo enqamlezileyo yesiqwenga sovavanyo, ethathwe kusetyenziswa ububanzi obuchaziweyo beqhekeza lovavanyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, olujikelezwe kwi-10 mm ekufutshane.2(0.10in2)

    U-U ngowona mandla obunzima obuncinci obuchaziweyo, abonakaliswe ngee-megapascals (iiponti nge-intshi nganye)

    IBanga lombhobho

    IiPropati zeTensile – Umzimba wombhobho we-SMLS kunye nemibhobho e-Welded PSL 2

    Umthungo wePipe eWelded

    Amandla eSivuno a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Amandla okuqina a

    Rm PSI Min

    Umlinganiselo a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Elongation

    (kwi-2in)

    Af %

    Amandla Okuqina d

    Rm(psi)

    Ubuncinane

    Ubuninzi

    Ubuncinane

    Ubuninzi

    Ubuninzi

    Ubuncinane

    Ubuncinane
    BR, BN,BQ,BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71,800

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76,100

    63,100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63,100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76,900

    66,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56,600

    79,000

    71,100

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    71,100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60,200

    81,900

    75,400

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q,X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77,600

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    76,600
    X70Q,X65M

    70,300

    92,100

    82,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q,X80M

    80,500

    102,300

    90,600

    119,700

    0.93

    f

    90,600
    a.Kwibakala eliphakathi, bhekisa kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-API5L.

    b.kumabanga > X90 bhekisa kwi-API5L epheleleyo.

    c.Lo mda usebenza kwiipayi ezine-D> 12.750 kwi

    d.Kumabanga aphakathi, ubuncinci bokuqina obuchaziweyo bomthungo we-weld iya kuba lixabiso elifanayo njengoko kumiselwe kumzimba wombhobho usebenzisa unyawo a.

    e.kumbhobho ofuna uvavanyo lwelongitudinal, amandla aphezulu esivuno aya kuba ≤ 71,800 psi

    f.Ubuncinane bobude obuchaziweyo, Af, ibonakaliswe ngepesenti yaze yasondezwa kweyona pesenti ikufutshane, iya kumiselwa kusetyenziswa le nxaki ilandelayo:

    Apho uC yi-1 940 yokubala kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ze-Si kunye ne-625 000 yokubala usebenzisa iiyunithi ze-USC

    Axcyeyona isebenzayo indawo yokuvavanya i-tensile-cross-sectional area, icaciswe ngokweemilimitha ezisisikwere (i-intshi ezisikweri), ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lwesetyhula, 130mm2 (0.20 nge2) kwi-12.7 mm (0.500 in) kunye ne-8.9 mm (.350 in) iziqwenga zokuvavanya ububanzi;kunye ne65mm2(0.10 nge2) kwi-6.4 mm (0.250in) iziqwenga zokuvavanya ububanzi.

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo ezipheleleyo, incinci ye-a) 485 mm2(0.75 kwi2kunye b) nommandla onqamlezileyo wesiqwenga sovavanyo, esenziwe kusetyenziswa idiamitha yangaphandle echaziweyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, ojikelezwe kwi-10 mm ekufutshane.2(0.10in2)

    - Kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lwe strip, incinci ye a) 485 mm2(0.75 kwi2) kunye b) indawo enqamlezileyo yesiqwenga sovavanyo, ethathwe kusetyenziswa ububanzi obuchaziweyo beqhekeza lovavanyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, olujikelezwe kwi-10 mm ekufutshane.2(0.10in2)

    U-U ngowona mandla obunzima obuncinci obuchaziweyo, abonakaliswe ngee-megapascals (iiponti nge-intshi nganye

    g.Amaxabiso asezantsi kwi-R10,5IRm inokuchazwa ngesivumelwano

    h.kumabanga > x90 bhekisa kwi-API5L epheleleyo.

    Uvavanyo lweHydrostatic

    Umbhobho wokumelana novavanyo lwe-hydrostatic ngaphandle kokuvuza ngomthungo we-weld okanye umzimba wombhobho.Izihlanganisi akufuneki zivavanywe i-hydrostatic zibonelela ngamacandelo emibhobho asetyenzisiweyo avavanywe ngempumelelo.

    Bend Test

    Akukho zintanda ziya kwenzeka nakweyiphi na inxalenye yesiqwenga sovavanyo kwaye akukho kuvulwa kweweld kuya kwenzeka.

    Uvavanyo lokucaba

    Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa kovavanyo lokucaba ziya kuba
    a)Imibhobho ye-EW D<12.750 ngaphakathi
    -≥ X60 nge T≥0.500in, akuyi kubakho ukuvulwa kwe-weld phambi kokuba umgama phakathi kweepleyiti ungaphantsi kwe-66% ye-diameter yokuqala yangaphandle.Kuwo onke amabakala kunye nodonga, i-50%.
    -Ngombhobho nge-D / t> 10, akuyi kubakho ukuvulwa kwe-weld ngaphambi kokuba umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe ungaphantsi kwe-30% ye-diameter yangaphambili yangaphandle.
    b)Ukwenzela ezinye iisayizi bhekisa kwi-API5L epheleleyo

    Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yeCVN yePSL2

    Uninzi lwemibhobho yePSL2 kunye namabanga afuna i-CVN.Umbhobho ongenamthungo kufuneka uvavanywe emzimbeni.Umbhobho odityanisiweyo kufuneka uvavanywe kuMzimba, iPipe Weld kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu (HAZ).Jonga iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo ze-API5L zetshathi yobungakanani kunye namabanga kunye namaxabiso afunliweyo afunekayo anamandla.

    Ukunyamezela ngaphandle kweDamitha, Ngaphandle kokungqukuva kunye nobukhulu bodonga

    Icaciswe Ngaphandle kweDiameter D (ngaphakathi)

    Unyamezelo lweDayimitha, i-intshi d

    Out-of-Roundness Ukunyamezelana kwi

    Umbhobho ngaphandle kwesiphelo a

    Isiphelo sombhobho a,b,c

    Umbhobho ngaphandle kokuphela a

    Isiphelo sombhobho a,b,c

    Umbhobho we-SMLS

    Umbhobho odityanisiweyo

    Umbhobho we-SMLS

    Umbhobho odityanisiweyo

    < 2.375

    -0,031 ukuba + 0.016

    - 0,031 ukuba + 0.016

    0.048

    0.036

    ≥2.375 ukuba 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0,016 ukuba + 0,063

    0.020D ye

    Ngesivumelwano sokuba

    0.015D ye

    Ngesivumelwano sokuba

    > 6.625 ukuba 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, kodwa ubuninzi be-0.125

    +/- 0.005D, kodwa ubuninzi be-0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    > 24 ukuya kuma-56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D kodwa ubuninzi be-0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D kodwa ubuninzi be-0.060

    Kuba

    Ngesivumelwano

    ngenxa

    0.01D kodwa ubuninzi be-0.500

    Kuba

    Ngesivumelwano

    ngenxa
    >56 Njengoko kuvunyelwene
    1. Isiphelo sombhobho siquka ubude be-4 kwisitya ngasinye sombhobho
    2. Kumbhobho we-SMLS unyamezelo lwesicelo se-t≤0.984in kwaye unyamezelo lombhobho oshinyeneyo luya kuba njengoko kuvunyelwene.
    3. Ngombhobho owandisiweyo kunye ne-D≥8.625in kunye nombhobho ongandisiyo, ukunyamezela kwedayamitha kunye nokunyamezela ngaphandle kokujikeleza kunokumiselwa ngokusebenzisa i-diameter yangaphakathi ebalwayo okanye ukulinganisa ngaphakathi kwedayimitha kune-OD echaziweyo.
    4. Ukumisela ukuthotyelwa kokunyamezela kwedayamitha, ububanzi bombhobho buchazwa njengesangqa sombhobho kuyo nayiphi na indiza ejikelezayo eyahlulwe nguPi.

    Ubunzima bodonga

    t intshi

    Ukunyamezela a

    intshi

    Umbhobho we-SMLS b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / – 0.020

    > 0.157 ukuba <0.948

    + 0.150t / – 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0.146 okanye + 0.1t, nokuba yeyiphi na enkulu

    - 0.120 okanye – 0.1t, nokuba yeyiphi enkulu

    Umbhobho odityanisiweyo c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 ukuba <0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    ≥ 0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Ukuba umyalelo wokuthenga uxela ukunyamezelwa kwe-minus yobunzima bodonga obuncinci kunexabiso elisebenzayo elinikiweyo kule theyibhile, ukunyamezela kobunzima bodonga kuya kwandiswa ngesixa esaneleyo ukugcina uluhlu olusebenzayo lonyamezelo.
    2. Ngombhobho one-D≥ 14.000 ngaphakathi kunye ne-t≥0.984in, ukunyamezela kobunzima bodonga ekuhlaleni kunokugqithisa ukunyamezela kobunzima bodonga nge-0.05t eyongezelelweyo ngaphandle kokuba ukunyamezela kobunzima akugqithiswanga.
    3. Ukunyamezelana kunye nokuqina kodonga akusebenzi kwindawo ye-weld
    4. Bona i-API5L epheleleyo ngeenkcukacha ezipheleleyo
  • Ngaphambili:
  • Okulandelayo:
    • Bhala umyalezo wakho apha kwaye uwuthumele kuthi

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