Yazisa:
Kuphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kunye noshishino,imibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhuluzidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngamandla, ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezi payipi zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kuquka ukuthuthwa kweoyile negesi, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha. Iipayipi ezinkulu ezidityanisiweyo zibe negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela ngeempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.
1. Ukuvela kwemibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu:
Umbhobho odityanisiweyo onobubanzi obukhulu uphumelele kakhulu kwizixhobo, uyilo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ekuqaleni, imibhobho yendabuko eyenziwe ngomthi, udongwe okanye intsimbi ephosiweyo yayisetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubela phambili, intsimbi yaba yinto efanelekileyo kwimibhobho enobubanzi obukhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Namhlanje, imibhobho edityanisiweyo onobubanzi obukhulu esekwe kwintsimbi ilawula imarike, iqinisekisa izisombululo zeziseko ezihlala ixesha elide.
2. Amandla nokuqina okungenakuthelekiswa nanto:
Ububanzi obukhuluumbhobho odibeneyoyaziwa ngamandla ayo agqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Le mibhobho yenziwe ngentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu ukumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Amalungu adibeneyo aphucula ukuqina kwesakhiwo sombhobho, evumela ukuba umelane neemeko ezinzima ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, imithwalo enzima, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, imibhobho edibeneyo enobubanzi obukhulu ibonelela ngemibhobho ethembekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuthutha ulwelo, iigesi kunye nezinto kumgama omde.
3. Ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke iimboni:
Iipayipi ezinkulu ezidityanisiweyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Kwishishini leoyile negesi, ezi payipi zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye neemveliso zepetroleum ezicociweyo. Ngokufanayo, kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi, iipayipi ezinkulu ezidityanisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amanzi okusela ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuqhubekayo kwiindawo zasezidolophini nasemaphandleni. Ukongeza, ezi payipi zibalulekile kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha, kubandakanya izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iibhulorho, kunye neetonela ezingaphantsi komhlaba, zibonelela ngamandla kunye nozinzo kwisakhiwo.
4. Iingenelo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo:
Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu zizisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kushishino nakuluntu. Ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ixesha elide kwaye azidingi kulungiswa kakhulu, ezi payipi ziqinisekisa ukonga iindleko ixesha elide. Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu zikwanegalelo ekuzinzeni kwendalo ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi, ukuthintela ungcoliseko lomhlaba, kunye nokuvumela ezinye iindlela zothutho ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
5. Uqinisekiso loMgangatho kunye neMigangatho yeHlabathi:
Ukuveliswa kwemibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu kulandela imigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho kunye nemigaqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela zokuhlola eziphambili, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, i-radiography kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic, ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwemibhobho. Ihambelana nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) kunye ne-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukusebenza komgangatho ophezulu kwemibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu.
Ukuququmbela:
Imibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu iguqule icandelo leziseko zophuhliso, inika amandla angenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukususela ekuthuthweni kwamandla abalulekileyo ukuya ekuncediseni iinkqubo zokusasazwa kwamanzi ezisebenzayo, le mibhobho ibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi. Ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu kunye nokuhambelana nemigangatho yehlabathi, imibhobho edityanisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu inika isiseko esithembekileyo sophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokukhula koqoqosho, okuqinisekisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo kuluntu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-24-2023