Iingqumba zemibhobho yentsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana neengqumba zenkxaso kunye neengqumba zokungqubana. Ingakumbi xa isetyenziswa njengengqumba yenkxaso, kuba inokutsalwa ngokupheleleyo kumaleko wenkxaso oqinileyo, inokusebenzisa isiphumo sokuthwala amandla ecandelo lonke lezinto zentsimbi. Nokuba kwisiseko somhlaba esithambileyo esinzulu esingaphezu kwe-30m, ingqumba yemibhobho yentsimbi inokuntywiliselwa kumaleko wenkxaso oqinileyo, kwaye amandla ayo okuthwala anokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, iimpawu eziphambili zeengqumba zemibhobho yentsimbi zezi:
1. Iyakwazi ukumelana nempembelelo enamandla. Iimpawu zayo zokungena kunye nokungena zingcono ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukumelana namandla anamandla okungena. Ukuba kukho umaleko oqinileyo ongcwatywe kwisiseko esinobukhulu obuncinci kunye nenombolo yokungena eqhelekileyo IV=30, ingadlula kakuhle. Ingangena kumaleko oxhasayo oqinileyo ngokweemfuno zoyilo.
2. Umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala. Ekubeni intsimbi njengesixhobo esisisiseko senqwaba yombhobho wentsimbi inamandla aphezulu okuvelisa, umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala unokufunyanwa logama nje inqwaba itshiswe kumaleko oxhasayo oqinileyo.
3. Ukumelana okukhulu okuthe tye kunye nokumelana okunamandla kumandla asecaleni. Ekubeni iipayipu zentsimbi zinobunzima obukhulu becandelo kunye nomzuzu omkhulu wokumelana nokugoba, zinokumelana namandla amakhulu athe tye. Ukongeza, iipayipu ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obude nezinodonga oluqinileyo nazo zingasetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, zingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibollards, ii-abutments zebhulorho kunye nee-piers zebhulorho ukuze zithwale amandla asecaleni.
4. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kuyilo. Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho ngamnye wenqwaba yombhobho wentsimbi bunokutshintshwa njengoko kufuneka, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle obuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lwebhere bunokukhethwa njengoko kufuneka.
5. Ubude benqwaba kulula ukuyilungisa. Iinqwaba ezilungisiweyo zinokubonakala zinde okanye zimfutshane xa umaleko osebenza njengomaleko oxhasa incam yenqwaba uqhekeka. Ekubeni iinqwaba zemibhobho yentsimbi zinokudityaniswa ngokukhululekileyo ubude okanye zinqunyulwe ubude ngokusika igesi, kulula ukulungisa ubude benqwaba, ukuze ulwakhiwo lwenziwe kakuhle.
6. Iijoyinti zikhuselekile kwaye zifanelekile ukwakhiwa kobukhulu obude. Ekubeni iipayipi zentsimbi kulula ukuzenza iijoyinti ezidityanisiweyo, iinxalenye zeepayinti zidibene, kwaye amandla eejoyinti alingana nawo awezinto ezisisiseko, ngoko ke ubunzulu bokufaka obuhlangabezana neemfuno bunokufunyanwa.
7. Kulula ukuyidibanisa nesakhiwo esingaphezulu. Ngokudibanisa imivalo yentsimbi kwinxalenye ephezulu yenqwaba, inqwaba yepayipi yentsimbi inokudityaniswa ngokulula nenxalenye ephezulu yesiciko kunye nekhonkrithi. Ingadityaniswa ngqo nesakhiwo esingaphezulu, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi ziyasebenzisana.
8. Ukukhupha umhlaba kancinci ngexesha lokufaka inqwaba. Iingqumba zentsimbi zemibhobho zinokufakwa kwindawo evulekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa, indawo enqamlezileyo yokukhupha umhlaba incinci, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqhuba kuphezulu. Emva koko ineempawu ezilandelayo,
a: Isiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwisiseko sodongwe sincinci.
b: Akukho mpembelelo imbi kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane (izakhiwo), kwaye ukwakhiwa kweenqwaba ezinzima kakhulu kungenziwa kwindawo encinci.
c: Ilungele kakhulu izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iziseko zezixhobo ezinkulu zoomatshini kunye nezakhiwo zezibuko, njl.njl., apho kufakwa imithwalo emikhulu kwiindawo ezincinci.
d: Kulula ukuyithwala nokuyibeka ndawonye. Inqwaba yemibhobho yentsimbi ilula, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngomonakalo, kwaye kulula ukuyithwala nokuyibeka ndawonye.
e: Gcina iindleko zobunjineli kwaye unciphise ixesha lokwakha. Ekubeni iipali zentsimbi zepayipi zineempawu ezininzi kwezi zingasentla, ukuba ezi mpawu zingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani, ixesha lokwakha lingancitshiswa. Iipali zentsimbi zezona zifanelekileyo ekwakheni ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, iingenelo zayo ezipheleleyo kwezoqoqosho ziphezulu, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa, zinokonga iindleko zobunjineli.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-21-2022