Iipayipi zeZakhiwo ezingenanto zeMigca yeGesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba

Iipayipi zesakhiwo ezineenxalenye ezingenanto zemigca yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba Umfanekiso obonisiweyo

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Xa kusakhiwa imibhobho yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba, ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kweziseko zophuhliso. Iityhubhu zesakhiwo ezinemiqolo, ingakumbi iityhubhu ze-arc ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kule blog, siza kuhlola ukubaluleka kwemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba.-imibhobho yesakhiwo secandelo ekwakhiweni kwemibhobho yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye neenzuzo eziphambili ezibonelela ngazo.

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Iithegi zeMveliso

I-arc engaphantsi kwamanzi ejikelezayoumbhobhoszisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemigca yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba ngenxa yenkqubo yazo yokuvelisa eyahlukileyo. Le mibhobho yenziwa ngokwenza iikhoyili zentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu ibe yimo yespiral ize emva koko izidibanise kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokuzihlanganisa ye-arc engaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kuvelisa imibhobho ye-arc engaphantsi komhlaba enamandla aphezulu enobukhulu obufanayo kunye nokuchaneka okugqwesileyo kobukhulu, okwenza ukuba ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo ekuthuthweni kwegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba.

Itheyibhile 2 Iipropati eziphambili zePhysical and Chemical zeSteel Pipes (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 kunye ne-API Spec 5L)
Umgangatho	Ibanga lentsimbi	Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali (%)						Ipropati yokuThatha						Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo lweCharpy(V notch)
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	Okunye	Amandla emveliso (iMpa)		Amandla okuThamba (i-Mpa)		（L0=5.65 √ S0）Isantya sokuNciphisa umzuzu （%）
		ubuninzi	ubuninzi	ubuninzi	ubuninzi	ubuninzi	Okunye	umzuzu	ubuninzi	umzuzu	ubuninzi	U-D ≤ 168.33mm	U-D ＞ 168.3mm
GB/T3091 -2008	Q215A	≤ 0.15	0.25 ＜ 1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Ukongeza i-Nb\V\Ti ngokuhambelana ne-GB/T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 ＜ 0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q295A	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q345A	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	>21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	>21
GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）	L175	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Ukukhetha ukongeza enye yezinto ze-Nb\V\Ti okanye nayiphi na indibaniselwano yazo	175		310		27		Inye okanye ezimbini zesalathisi sokuqina kwamandla empembelelo kunye nendawo yokucheba zinokukhethwa. Kwi-L555, jonga umgangatho.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			390		390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			450		535		17
	L485	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			485		570		16
I-API 5L (PSL 1)	A25	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Kwintsimbi yebanga B, iNb+V ≤ 0.03%; kwintsimbi ≥ inqanaba B, ukongeza iNb okanye iV okanye indibaniselwano yazo ngokuzithandela, kunye neNb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%	172		310		（L0=50.8mm）ukubalwa ngokwefomula elandelayo:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Ummandla wesampulu kwi mm2 U: Amandla amancinci okutsalwa kwe-Mpa		Akukho nanye okanye zombini okanye zombini amandla ombane kunye nendawo yokucheba efunekayo njengesiseko sokuqina.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		414
	X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			386		490
	X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	X70	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			483		565

Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zeepayipi ezakhiweyo ezineendawo ezingenanto kukumelana kwazo nokugqwala. Xa zigqunywe phantsi komhlaba, iipayipi zegesi yendalo zichatshazelwa kukufuma, iikhemikhali zomhlaba kunye nezinye izinto ezirhabaxa. Iipayipi ze-arc ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezijikelezileyo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nezi meko zinzima phantsi komhlaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho yegesi yendalo ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ithembekile.

Ukongeza ekuchaseni ukugqwala,imibhobho yesakhiwo esingenamngxumazinika amandla aphezulu kunye nozinzo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ukufakwa phantsi komhlaba. Uyilo olujikelezayo lwale mibhobho lubonelela ngomthamo obalaseleyo wokuthwala umthwalo, oluvumela ukuba imelane nobunzima bomhlaba kunye neminye imikhosi yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ulwakhiwo lwayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemiba enzima yejoloji, apho imibhobho kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokuhamba komhlaba kunye nokuhlala.

Ukongeza, iipayipi ezakhiweyo ezinemiqolomba ziyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kwaye zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeeprojekthi zepayipi zegesi yendalo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Oku kunciphisa isidingo sokufakelwa kunye nokudityaniswa okongeziweyo, okubangela ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ubunzima bale mibhobho bukwenza ukuthuthwa kunye nokuphathwa kube lula ngakumbi, okufaka isandla ekongeni iindleko.

Xa kufikwa kukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kweimigca yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba, ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile. Iipayipi ezakhiweyo ezinemiqolomba, ingakumbi iipayipi ze-arc ezifakwe kwi-spiral, zidibanisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, nto leyo ezenza zibe zilungele ukuhanjiswa kwegesi yendalo phantsi komhlaba. Ngokutyala imali kwiipayipi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenzelwe ngokukodwa izibonelelo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iinkampani zegesi zinokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nobude bexesha leziseko zazo ngelixa zinciphisa iindleko zokugcina nokulungisa ixesha elide.

Ngamafutshane, iipayipi ezakhiweyo ezingenanto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwemigca yegesi yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwenza kube lukhetho lokuqala kwiiprojekthi zothutho lwegesi yendalo. Ngokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zezibonelelo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iinkampani zegesi yendalo zinokugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweziseko zazo, ekugqibeleni zincede ekunikezeni igesi yendalo ngokufanelekileyo kubathengi.